Key takeaways
- Elastic users are protected from supply chain attacks targeting the 3CX users
- How the execution flow operates is actively being investigated by Elastic Security Labs and other research teams
- Irrespective of the anti-malware technology you are using, shellcode and process injection alerts for 3CX should not be added to exception lists
Preamble
On March 29, 2023, CrowdStrike reported a potential supply-chain compromise affecting 3CX VOIP softphone users as detailed in a Reddit post. Elastic Security Labs continues to monitor telemetry for evidence of threat activity and will provide updates as more evidence becomes available. The earliest period of potentially malicious activity is currently understood to be on or around March 22, 2023 as reported by Todyl.
3CX states it is used by over 600,000 companies and over 12,000,000 users, so Elastic Security Labs is releasing a triage analysis to assist 3CX customers in the initial detection of SUDDENICON, with follow-on malware and intrusion analysis to be released at a later date.
In this informational update, Elastic Security Labs provides the following: - Potential malicious domains associated with malware activity - File hashes for 3CX Windows and MacOS clients which may be impacted - Elastic queries and prebuilt protections which may be relevant to this activity - YARA rules to identify the SUDDENICON malware
SUDDENICON triage analysis
The 3CXDesktopApp installer MSI appears to contain malicious code which waits seven days post-installation before downloading additional files from GitHub and communicating with malicious command-and-control domains. The client application writes ffmpeg.dll and d3dcompiler\_47.dll to disk, the latter of which contains a payload we refer to as SUDDENICON. Both libraries in our sampling appear to have been backdoored. It should be noted that ffmpeg.dll and d3dcompiler\_47.dll are both legitimate file names and rules should not be created on them alone.
The ffmpeg.dll binary extracts SUDDENICON from d3dcompiler\_47.dll by seeking the FEEDFACE byte sequence and decrypting using a static RC4 key (3jB(2bsG#@c7). The resulting payload is then loaded in memory as the second-stage payload. A shellcode stub prepended to the payload used to map it into memory shares similarities with APPLEJEUS loader stubs, which have been associated with DPRK. Upon successfully executing, this shellcode stub writes a new file ( manifest ) to disk with a timestamp 7 days in the future, used to implement a timer after which the malware connects to the C2 infrastructure.
C2 domains are retrieved by downloading and base64-decoding the trailing bytes appended to icon files staged in the IconStorages Github repository (this repository has been removed by Github). This repo was created by GitHub ID 120072117 on December 8, 2022, and most recently updated on March 16, 2023. After initially connecting to an active C2 server, the malware performs a POST containing a machine identifier. It then downloads and decrypts a new executable.
Initial analysis of the new executable appears to be an information stealer. We’ll release an update once the analysis has been completed.
The CEO of 3CX has recommended uninstalling the software; a small number of community forum posts outline how security tooling is reacting to potential malware behaviors, and CrowdStrike and SentinelOne have published initial information. It appears likely that the threat was able to introduce adversary-created malicious software via update channels, overwriting otherwise benign components of the 3CXDesktopApp. Users may accidentally self-infect, as well.
Detection logic
Prevention
- Memory Threat Detection Alert: Shellcode injection
- Windows.Trojan.SuddenIcon
Hunting queries
The events for both KQL and EQL are provided with the Elastic Agent using the Elastic Defend integration. Hunting queries could return high signals or false positives. These queries are used to identify potentially suspicious behavior, but an investigation is required to validate the findings.
KQL queries
The following KQL query can be used to identify 3CX-signed software performing name resolution of raw.githubusercontent.com, where malicious applications related to this threat have been staged:
process.name : "3CXDesktopApp.exe" and dns.question.name : "raw.githubusercontent.com"
The following KQL query can be used to identify several host-based indicators of this activity:
dll.hash.sha256 : "7986bbaee8940da11ce089383521ab420c443ab7b15ed42aed91fd31ce833896" or dll.hash.sha256 : "c485674ee63ec8d4e8fde9800788175a8b02d3f9416d0e763360fff7f8eb4e02"
EQL queries
Using the Timeline section of the Security Solution in Kibana under the “Correlation” tab, you can use the below EQL queries to hunt for similar behaviors.
The following EQL query can be used to profile 3CX software and child software:
any where process.code_signature.subject_name == "3CX Ltd" or process.parent.code_signature.subject_name == "3CX Ltd"
The following EQL query can be used to identify 3CX-signed software performing name resolution of raw.githubusercontent.com, where malicious applications related to this threat have been staged:
network where process.code_signature.subject_name == "3CX Ltd" and dns.question.name == “raw.githubusercontent.com”
The following EQL query can be used to identify files written by the 3CXDesktopApp client:
file where event.type == "creation" and (host.os.type == "windows" and file.path : "*:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\C3XDesktopApp\\app\\*" and file.name : ("manifest")) or (host.os.type == "macos" and file.path : "*/Library/Application Support/3CX Desktop App/" and file.name : ("UpdateAgent", ".main_storage", ".session-lock")
The following EQL query can be used to identify several host-based indicators of this activity:
sequence by host.name, process.entity_id[process where process.code_signature.subject_name:"3CX Ltd"][library where dll.hash.sha256:"c485674ee63ec8d4e8fde9800788175a8b02d3f9416d0e763360fff7f8eb4e02","7986bbaee8940da11ce089383521ab420c443ab7b15ed42aed91fd31ce833896"][network where dns.question.name:"raw.githubusercontent.com"]
The following EQL query can be used to identify this activity if the DLL is updated:
library where process.code_signature.subject_name : "3CX Ltd" and not dll.code_signature.trusted == true and not startswith~(dll.name, process.name) and /* DLL loaded from the process.executable directory */ endswith~(substring(dll.path, 0, length(dll.path) - (length(dll.name) + 1)), substring(process.executable, 0, length(process.executable) - (length(process.name) + 1)))
YARA
Elastic Security Labs has released two YARA signatures for the malicious shellcode, which we refer to as SUDDENICON.
Defensive recommendations
Elastic Endgame and Elastic Endpoint customers with shellcode protections enabled in prevention mode blocked the execution of SUDDENICON, though any compromised client software may need to be removed. Due to the delayed shellcode retrieval and injection, 3CXDesktopApp users may not see alerts until the sleep interval passes (approximately 7 days). Customers who are using shellcode protections in detect-only mode should enable prevention to mitigate the risk of infection. Do not create exceptions for these alerts.
References
The following were referenced throughout the above research: - https://www.reddit.com/r/crowdstrike/comments/125r3uu/20230329_situational_awareness_crowdstrike/ - https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/smoothoperator-ongoing-campaign-trojanizes-3cx-software-in-software-supply-chain-attack/ - https://www.todyl.com/blog/post/threat-advisory-3cx-softphone-telephony-campaign
Indicators
Potentially malicious domains
Bold domains indicate that they were observed in our analysis.
- akamaicontainer[.]com
- akamaitechcloudservices[.]com
azuredeploystore[.]com- azureonlinecloud[.]com
- azureonlinestorage[.]com
- dunamistrd[.]com
- glcloudservice[.]com
- journalide[.]org
msedgepackageinfo[.]com- msstorageazure[.]com
msstorageboxes[.]comofficeaddons[.]comofficestoragebox[.]com- pbxcloudeservices[.]com
- pbxphonenetwork[.]com
- pbxsources[.]com
- qwepoi123098[.]com
- sbmsa[.]wiki
sourceslabs[.]comvisualstudiofactory[.]comzacharryblogs[.]com
Potentially impacted 3CXDesktopApp versions and hashes:
Client hash: dde03348075512796241389dfea5560c20a3d2a2eac95c894e7bbed5e85a0acc OS: Windows Installer hash: aa124a4b4df12b34e74ee7f6c683b2ebec4ce9a8edcf9be345823b4fdcf5d868 Installer filename: 3cxdesktopapp-18.12.407.msi
Client hash: fad482ded2e25ce9e1dd3d3ecc3227af714bdfbbde04347dbc1b21d6a3670405 OS: Windows Installer hash: 59e1edf4d82fae4978e97512b0331b7eb21dd4b838b850ba46794d9c7a2c0983 Installer filename: 3cxdesktopapp-18.12.416.msi
Client hash: 92005051ae314d61074ed94a52e76b1c3e21e7f0e8c1d1fdd497a006ce45fa61 OS: macOS Installer hash: 5407cda7d3a75e7b1e030b1f33337a56f293578ffa8b3ae19c671051ed314290 Installer filename: 3CXDesktopApp-18.11.1213.dmg
Client hash: b86c695822013483fa4e2dfdf712c5ee777d7b99cbad8c2fa2274b133481eadb OS: macOS Installer hash: e6bbc33815b9f20b0cf832d7401dd893fbc467c800728b5891336706da0dbcec Installer filename: 3cxdesktopapp-latest.dmg