Run downsampling manually

edit

The recommended way to downsample a time series data stream (TSDS) is through index lifecycle management (ILM). However, if you’re not using ILM, you can downsample a TSDS manually. This guide shows you how, using typical Kubernetes cluster monitoring data.

To test out manual downsampling, follow these steps:

Prerequisites

edit
  • Refer to the TSDS prerequisites.
  • It is not possible to downsample a data stream directly, nor multiple indices at once. It’s only possible to downsample one time series index (TSDS backing index).
  • In order to downsample an index, it needs to be read-only. For a TSDS write index, this means it needs to be rolled over and made read-only first.
  • Downsampling uses UTC timestamps.
  • Downsampling needs at least one metric field to exist in the time series index.

Create a time series data stream

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First, you’ll create a TSDS. For simplicity, in the time series mapping all time_series_metric parameters are set to type gauge, but other values such as counter and histogram may also be used. The time_series_metric values determine the kind of statistical representations that are used during downsampling.

The index template includes a set of static time series dimensions: host, namespace, node, and pod. The time series dimensions are not changed by the downsampling process.

response = client.indices.put_index_template(
  name: 'my-data-stream-template',
  body: {
    index_patterns: [
      'my-data-stream*'
    ],
    data_stream: {},
    template: {
      settings: {
        index: {
          mode: 'time_series',
          routing_path: [
            'kubernetes.namespace',
            'kubernetes.host',
            'kubernetes.node',
            'kubernetes.pod'
          ],
          number_of_replicas: 0,
          number_of_shards: 2
        }
      },
      mappings: {
        properties: {
          "@timestamp": {
            type: 'date'
          },
          kubernetes: {
            properties: {
              container: {
                properties: {
                  cpu: {
                    properties: {
                      usage: {
                        properties: {
                          core: {
                            properties: {
                              ns: {
                                type: 'long'
                              }
                            }
                          },
                          limit: {
                            properties: {
                              pct: {
                                type: 'float'
                              }
                            }
                          },
                          nanocores: {
                            type: 'long',
                            time_series_metric: 'gauge'
                          },
                          node: {
                            properties: {
                              pct: {
                                type: 'float'
                              }
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  memory: {
                    properties: {
                      available: {
                        properties: {
                          bytes: {
                            type: 'long',
                            time_series_metric: 'gauge'
                          }
                        }
                      },
                      majorpagefaults: {
                        type: 'long'
                      },
                      pagefaults: {
                        type: 'long',
                        time_series_metric: 'gauge'
                      },
                      rss: {
                        properties: {
                          bytes: {
                            type: 'long',
                            time_series_metric: 'gauge'
                          }
                        }
                      },
                      usage: {
                        properties: {
                          bytes: {
                            type: 'long',
                            time_series_metric: 'gauge'
                          },
                          limit: {
                            properties: {
                              pct: {
                                type: 'float'
                              }
                            }
                          },
                          node: {
                            properties: {
                              pct: {
                                type: 'float'
                              }
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      },
                      workingset: {
                        properties: {
                          bytes: {
                            type: 'long',
                            time_series_metric: 'gauge'
                          }
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  },
                  name: {
                    type: 'keyword'
                  },
                  start_time: {
                    type: 'date'
                  }
                }
              },
              host: {
                type: 'keyword',
                time_series_dimension: true
              },
              namespace: {
                type: 'keyword',
                time_series_dimension: true
              },
              node: {
                type: 'keyword',
                time_series_dimension: true
              },
              pod: {
                type: 'keyword',
                time_series_dimension: true
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
PUT _index_template/my-data-stream-template
{
  "index_patterns": [
    "my-data-stream*"
  ],
  "data_stream": {},
  "template": {
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "mode": "time_series",
        "routing_path": [
          "kubernetes.namespace",
          "kubernetes.host",
          "kubernetes.node",
          "kubernetes.pod"
        ],
        "number_of_replicas": 0,
        "number_of_shards": 2
      }
    },
    "mappings": {
      "properties": {
        "@timestamp": {
          "type": "date"
        },
        "kubernetes": {
          "properties": {
            "container": {
              "properties": {
                "cpu": {
                  "properties": {
                    "usage": {
                      "properties": {
                        "core": {
                          "properties": {
                            "ns": {
                              "type": "long"
                            }
                          }
                        },
                        "limit": {
                          "properties": {
                            "pct": {
                              "type": "float"
                            }
                          }
                        },
                        "nanocores": {
                          "type": "long",
                          "time_series_metric": "gauge"
                        },
                        "node": {
                          "properties": {
                            "pct": {
                              "type": "float"
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  }
                },
                "memory": {
                  "properties": {
                    "available": {
                      "properties": {
                        "bytes": {
                          "type": "long",
                          "time_series_metric": "gauge"
                        }
                      }
                    },
                    "majorpagefaults": {
                      "type": "long"
                    },
                    "pagefaults": {
                      "type": "long",
                      "time_series_metric": "gauge"
                    },
                    "rss": {
                      "properties": {
                        "bytes": {
                          "type": "long",
                          "time_series_metric": "gauge"
                        }
                      }
                    },
                    "usage": {
                      "properties": {
                        "bytes": {
                          "type": "long",
                          "time_series_metric": "gauge"
                        },
                        "limit": {
                          "properties": {
                            "pct": {
                              "type": "float"
                            }
                          }
                        },
                        "node": {
                          "properties": {
                            "pct": {
                              "type": "float"
                            }
                          }
                        }
                      }
                    },
                    "workingset": {
                      "properties": {
                        "bytes": {
                          "type": "long",
                          "time_series_metric": "gauge"
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  }
                },
                "name": {
                  "type": "keyword"
                },
                "start_time": {
                  "type": "date"
                }
              }
            },
            "host": {
              "type": "keyword",
              "time_series_dimension": true
            },
            "namespace": {
              "type": "keyword",
              "time_series_dimension": true
            },
            "node": {
              "type": "keyword",
              "time_series_dimension": true
            },
            "pod": {
              "type": "keyword",
              "time_series_dimension": true
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Ingest time series data

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Because time series data streams have been designed to only accept recent data, in this example, you’ll use an ingest pipeline to time-shift the data as it gets indexed. As a result, the indexed data will have an @timestamp from the last 15 minutes.

Create the pipeline with this request:

response = client.ingest.put_pipeline(
  id: 'my-timestamp-pipeline',
  body: {
    description: 'Shifts the @timestamp to the last 15 minutes',
    processors: [
      {
        set: {
          field: 'ingest_time',
          value: '{{_ingest.timestamp}}'
        }
      },
      {
        script: {
          lang: 'painless',
          source: "\n          def delta = ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(\n            ZonedDateTime.parse(\"2022-06-21T15:49:00Z\"),\n            ZonedDateTime.parse(ctx[\"ingest_time\"])\n          );\n          ctx[\"@timestamp\"] = ZonedDateTime.parse(ctx[\"@timestamp\"]).plus(delta,ChronoUnit.SECONDS).toString();\n        "
        }
      }
    ]
  }
)
puts response
PUT _ingest/pipeline/my-timestamp-pipeline
{
  "description": "Shifts the @timestamp to the last 15 minutes",
  "processors": [
    {
      "set": {
        "field": "ingest_time",
        "value": "{{_ingest.timestamp}}"
      }
    },
    {
      "script": {
        "lang": "painless",
        "source": """
          def delta = ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(
            ZonedDateTime.parse("2022-06-21T15:49:00Z"),
            ZonedDateTime.parse(ctx["ingest_time"])
          );
          ctx["@timestamp"] = ZonedDateTime.parse(ctx["@timestamp"]).plus(delta,ChronoUnit.SECONDS).toString();
        """
      }
    }
  ]
}

Next, use a bulk API request to automatically create your TSDS and index a set of ten documents:

response = client.bulk(
  index: 'my-data-stream',
  refresh: true,
  pipeline: 'my-timestamp-pipeline',
  body: [
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:49:00Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 91_153,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 463_314_616
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 307_007_078,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 585_236
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 102_728
            },
            pagefaults: 120_901,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:45:50Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 124_501,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 982_546_514
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 360_035_574,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 1_339_884
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 381_174
            },
            pagefaults: 178_473,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:44:50Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 38_907,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 862_723_768
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 379_572_388,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 431_227
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 386_580
            },
            pagefaults: 233_166,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:44:40Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 86_706,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 567_160_996
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 103_266_017,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 1_724_908
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 105_431
            },
            pagefaults: 233_166,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:44:00Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 150_069,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 639_054_643
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 265_142_477,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 1_786_511
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 189_235
            },
            pagefaults: 138_172,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:42:40Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 82_260,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 854_735_585
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 309_798_052,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 924_058
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 110_838
            },
            pagefaults: 259_073,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:42:10Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 153_404,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 279_586_406
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 214_904_955,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 1_047_265
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 91_914
            },
            pagefaults: 302_252,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:40:20Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 125_613,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 822_782_853
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 100_475_044,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 2_109_932
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 278_446
            },
            pagefaults: 74_843,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:40:10Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 100_046,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 567_160_996
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 362_826_547,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 1_986_724
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 402_801
            },
            pagefaults: 296_495,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    },
    {
      create: {}
    },
    {
      "@timestamp": '2022-06-21T15:38:30Z',
      kubernetes: {
        host: 'gke-apps-0',
        node: 'gke-apps-0-0',
        pod: 'gke-apps-0-0-0',
        container: {
          cpu: {
            usage: {
              nanocores: 40_018,
              core: {
                ns: 12_828_317_850
              },
              node: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 2.77905e-05
              }
            }
          },
          memory: {
            available: {
              bytes: 1_062_428_344
            },
            usage: {
              bytes: 265_142_477,
              node: {
                pct: 0.01770037710617187
              },
              limit: {
                pct: 9.923134671484496e-05
              }
            },
            workingset: {
              bytes: 2_294_743
            },
            rss: {
              bytes: 340_623
            },
            pagefaults: 224_530,
            majorpagefaults: 0
          },
          start_time: '2021-03-30T07:59:06Z',
          name: 'container-name-44'
        },
        namespace: 'namespace26'
      }
    }
  ]
)
puts response
PUT /my-data-stream/_bulk?refresh&pipeline=my-timestamp-pipeline
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:49:00Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":91153,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":463314616},"usage":{"bytes":307007078,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":585236},"rss":{"bytes":102728},"pagefaults":120901,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:45:50Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":124501,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":982546514},"usage":{"bytes":360035574,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1339884},"rss":{"bytes":381174},"pagefaults":178473,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:44:50Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":38907,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":862723768},"usage":{"bytes":379572388,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":431227},"rss":{"bytes":386580},"pagefaults":233166,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:44:40Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":86706,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":567160996},"usage":{"bytes":103266017,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1724908},"rss":{"bytes":105431},"pagefaults":233166,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:44:00Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":150069,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":639054643},"usage":{"bytes":265142477,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1786511},"rss":{"bytes":189235},"pagefaults":138172,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:42:40Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":82260,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":854735585},"usage":{"bytes":309798052,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":924058},"rss":{"bytes":110838},"pagefaults":259073,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:42:10Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":153404,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":279586406},"usage":{"bytes":214904955,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1047265},"rss":{"bytes":91914},"pagefaults":302252,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:40:20Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":125613,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":822782853},"usage":{"bytes":100475044,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":2109932},"rss":{"bytes":278446},"pagefaults":74843,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:40:10Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":100046,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":567160996},"usage":{"bytes":362826547,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":1986724},"rss":{"bytes":402801},"pagefaults":296495,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}
{"create": {}}
{"@timestamp":"2022-06-21T15:38:30Z","kubernetes":{"host":"gke-apps-0","node":"gke-apps-0-0","pod":"gke-apps-0-0-0","container":{"cpu":{"usage":{"nanocores":40018,"core":{"ns":12828317850},"node":{"pct":2.77905e-05},"limit":{"pct":2.77905e-05}}},"memory":{"available":{"bytes":1062428344},"usage":{"bytes":265142477,"node":{"pct":0.01770037710617187},"limit":{"pct":9.923134671484496e-05}},"workingset":{"bytes":2294743},"rss":{"bytes":340623},"pagefaults":224530,"majorpagefaults":0},"start_time":"2021-03-30T07:59:06Z","name":"container-name-44"},"namespace":"namespace26"}}

You can use the search API to check if the documents have been indexed correctly:

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-data-stream'
)
puts response
GET /my-data-stream/_search

Run the following aggregation on the data to calculate some interesting statistics:

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-data-stream',
  body: {
    size: 0,
    aggregations: {
      tsid: {
        terms: {
          field: '_tsid'
        },
        aggregations: {
          over_time: {
            date_histogram: {
              field: '@timestamp',
              fixed_interval: '1d'
            },
            aggregations: {
              min: {
                min: {
                  field: 'kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes'
                }
              },
              max: {
                max: {
                  field: 'kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes'
                }
              },
              avg: {
                avg: {
                  field: 'kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes'
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET /my-data-stream/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs": {
        "tsid": {
            "terms": {
                "field": "_tsid"
            },
            "aggs": {
                "over_time": {
                    "date_histogram": {
                        "field": "@timestamp",
                        "fixed_interval": "1d"
                    },
                    "aggs": {
                        "min": {
                            "min": {
                                "field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
                            }
                        },
                        "max": {
                            "max": {
                                "field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
                            }
                        },
                        "avg": {
                            "avg": {
                                "field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Downsample the TSDS

edit

A TSDS can’t be downsampled directly. You need to downsample its backing indices instead. You can see the backing index for your data stream by running:

response = client.indices.get_data_stream(
  name: 'my-data-stream'
)
puts response
GET /_data_stream/my-data-stream

This returns:

{
  "data_streams": [
    {
      "name": "my-data-stream",
      "timestamp_field": {
        "name": "@timestamp"
      },
      "indices": [
        {
          "index_name": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001", 
          "index_uuid": "ltOJGmqgTVm4T-Buoe7Acg",
          "prefer_ilm": true,
          "managed_by": "Unmanaged"
        }
      ],
      "generation": 1,
      "status": "GREEN",
      "next_generation_managed_by": "Unmanaged",
      "prefer_ilm": true,
      "template": "my-data-stream-template",
      "hidden": false,
      "system": false,
      "allow_custom_routing": false,
      "replicated": false,
      "rollover_on_write": false,
      "time_series": {
        "temporal_ranges": [
          {
            "start": "2023-07-26T09:26:42.000Z",
            "end": "2023-07-26T13:26:42.000Z"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

The backing index for this data stream.

Before a backing index can be downsampled, the TSDS needs to be rolled over and the old index needs to be made read-only.

Roll over the TSDS using the rollover API:

response = client.indices.rollover(
  alias: 'my-data-stream'
)
puts response
POST /my-data-stream/_rollover/

Copy the name of the old_index from the response. In the following steps, replace the index name with that of your old_index.

The old index needs to be set to read-only mode. Run the following request:

response = client.indices.add_block(
  index: '.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001',
  block: 'write'
)
puts response
PUT /.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001/_block/write

Next, use the downsample API to downsample the index, setting the time series interval to one hour:

response = client.indices.downsample(
  index: '.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001',
  target_index: '.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample',
  body: {
    fixed_interval: '1h'
  }
)
puts response
POST /.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001/_downsample/.ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample
{
  "fixed_interval": "1h"
}

Now you can modify the data stream, and replace the original index with the downsampled one:

POST _data_stream/_modify
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "remove_backing_index": {
        "data_stream": "my-data-stream",
        "index": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001"
      }
    },
    {
      "add_backing_index": {
        "data_stream": "my-data-stream",
        "index": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample"
      }
    }
  ]
}

You can now delete the old backing index. But be aware this will delete the original data. Don’t delete the index if you may need the original data in the future.

View the results

edit

Re-run the earlier search query (note that when querying downsampled indices there are a few nuances to be aware of):

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-data-stream'
)
puts response
GET /my-data-stream/_search

The TSDS with the new downsampled backing index contains just one document. For counters, this document would only have the last value. For gauges, the field type is now aggregate_metric_double. You see the min, max, sum, and value_count statistics based off of the original sampled metrics:

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 4,
    "successful": 4,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 1,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": ".ds-my-data-stream-2023.07.26-000001-downsample",
        "_id": "0eL0wC_4-45SnTNFAAABiZHbD4A",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "@timestamp": "2023-07-26T11:00:00.000Z",
          "_doc_count": 10,
          "ingest_time": "2023-07-26T11:26:42.715Z",
          "kubernetes": {
            "container": {
              "cpu": {
                "usage": {
                  "core": {
                    "ns": 12828317850
                  },
                  "limit": {
                    "pct": 0.0000277905
                  },
                  "nanocores": {
                    "min": 38907,
                    "max": 153404,
                    "sum": 992677,
                    "value_count": 10
                  },
                  "node": {
                    "pct": 0.0000277905
                  }
                }
              },
              "memory": {
                "available": {
                  "bytes": {
                    "min": 279586406,
                    "max": 1062428344,
                    "sum": 7101494721,
                    "value_count": 10
                  }
                },
                "majorpagefaults": 0,
                "pagefaults": {
                  "min": 74843,
                  "max": 302252,
                  "sum": 2061071,
                  "value_count": 10
                },
                "rss": {
                  "bytes": {
                    "min": 91914,
                    "max": 402801,
                    "sum": 2389770,
                    "value_count": 10
                  }
                },
                "usage": {
                  "bytes": {
                    "min": 100475044,
                    "max": 379572388,
                    "sum": 2668170609,
                    "value_count": 10
                  },
                  "limit": {
                    "pct": 0.00009923134
                  },
                  "node": {
                    "pct": 0.017700378
                  }
                },
                "workingset": {
                  "bytes": {
                    "min": 431227,
                    "max": 2294743,
                    "sum": 14230488,
                    "value_count": 10
                  }
                }
              },
              "name": "container-name-44",
              "start_time": "2021-03-30T07:59:06.000Z"
            },
            "host": "gke-apps-0",
            "namespace": "namespace26",
            "node": "gke-apps-0-0",
            "pod": "gke-apps-0-0-0"
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Re-run the earlier aggregation. Even though the aggregation runs on the downsampled TSDS that only contains 1 document, it returns the same results as the earlier aggregation on the original TSDS.

response = client.search(
  index: 'my-data-stream',
  body: {
    size: 0,
    aggregations: {
      tsid: {
        terms: {
          field: '_tsid'
        },
        aggregations: {
          over_time: {
            date_histogram: {
              field: '@timestamp',
              fixed_interval: '1d'
            },
            aggregations: {
              min: {
                min: {
                  field: 'kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes'
                }
              },
              max: {
                max: {
                  field: 'kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes'
                }
              },
              avg: {
                avg: {
                  field: 'kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes'
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
GET /my-data-stream/_search
{
    "size": 0,
    "aggs": {
        "tsid": {
            "terms": {
                "field": "_tsid"
            },
            "aggs": {
                "over_time": {
                    "date_histogram": {
                        "field": "@timestamp",
                        "fixed_interval": "1d"
                    },
                    "aggs": {
                        "min": {
                            "min": {
                                "field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
                            }
                        },
                        "max": {
                            "max": {
                                "field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
                            }
                        },
                        "avg": {
                            "avg": {
                                "field": "kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

This example demonstrates how downsampling can dramatically reduce the number of documents stored for time series data, within whatever time boundaries you choose. It’s also possible to perform downsampling on already downsampled data, to further reduce storage and associated costs, as the time series data ages and the data resolution becomes less critical.

The recommended way to downsample a TSDS is with ILM. To learn more, try the Run downsampling with ILM example.