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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Guide [7.10]

Aggregations

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Aggregations

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An aggregation summarizes your data as metrics, statistics, or other analytics. Aggregations help you answer questions like:

  • What’s the average load time for my website?
  • Who are my most valuable customers based on transaction volume?
  • What would be considered a large file on my network?
  • How many products are in each product category?

Elasticsearch organizes aggregations into three categories:

  • Metric aggregations that calculate metrics, such as a sum or average, from field values.
  • Bucket aggregations that group documents into buckets, also called bins, based on field values, ranges, or other criteria.
  • Pipeline aggregations that take input from other aggregations instead of documents or fields.

Run an aggregation

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You can run aggregations as part of a search by specifying the search API's aggs parameter. The following search runs a terms aggregation on my-field:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "my-field"
      }
    }
  }
}

Aggregation results are in the response’s aggregations object:

{
  "took": 78,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 5,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1.0,
    "hits": [...]
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "my-agg-name": {                           
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": []
    }
  }
}

Results for the my-agg-name aggregation.

Change an aggregation’s scope

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Use the query parameter to limit the documents on which an aggregation runs:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "@timestamp": {
        "gte": "now-1d/d",
        "lt": "now/d"
      }
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "my-field"
      }
    }
  }
}

Return only aggregation results

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By default, searches containing an aggregation return both search hits and aggregation results. To return only aggregation results, set size to 0:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "my-field"
      }
    }
  }
}

Run multiple aggregations

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You can specify multiple aggregations in the same request:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-first-agg-name": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "my-field"
      }
    },
    "my-second-agg-name": {
      "avg": {
        "field": "my-other-field"
      }
    }
  }
}

Run sub-aggregations

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Bucket aggregations support bucket or metric sub-aggregations. For example, a terms aggregation with an avg sub-aggregation calculates an average value for each bucket of documents. There is no level or depth limit for nesting sub-aggregations.

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "my-field"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "my-sub-agg-name": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "my-other-field"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

The response nests sub-aggregation results under their parent aggregation:

{
  ...
  "aggregations": {
    "my-agg-name": {                           
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "foo",
          "doc_count": 5,
          "my-sub-agg-name": {                 
            "value": 75.0
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Results for the parent aggregation, my-agg-name.

Results for my-agg-name's sub-aggregation, my-sub-agg-name.

Add custom metadata

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Use the meta object to associate custom metadata with an aggregation:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "my-field"
      },
      "meta": {
        "my-metadata-field": "foo"
      }
    }
  }
}

The response returns the meta object in place:

{
  ...
  "aggregations": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "meta": {
        "my-metadata-field": "foo"
      },
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": []
    }
  }
}

Return the aggregation type

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By default, aggregation results include the aggregation’s name but not its type. To return the aggregation type, use the typed_keys query parameter.

GET /my-index-000001/_search?typed_keys
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "histogram": {
        "field": "my-field",
        "interval": 1000
      }
    }
  }
}

The response returns the aggregation type as a prefix to the aggregation’s name.

Some aggregations return a different aggregation type from the type in the request. For example, the terms, significant terms, and percentiles aggregations return different aggregations types depending on the data type of the aggregated field.

{
  ...
  "aggregations": {
    "histogram#my-agg-name": {                 
      "buckets": []
    }
  }
}

The aggregation type, histogram, followed by a # separator and the aggregation’s name, my-agg-name.

Use scripts in an aggregation

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Some aggregations support scripts. You can use a script to extract or generate values for the aggregation:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "histogram": {
        "interval": 1000,
        "script": {
          "source": "doc['my-field'].value.length()"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

If you also specify a field, the script modifies the field values used in the aggregation. The following aggregation uses a script to modify my-field values:

GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "histogram": {
        "field": "my-field",
        "interval": 1000,
        "script": "_value / 1000"
      }
    }
  }
}

Some aggregations only work on specific data types. Use the value_type parameter to specify a data type for a script-generated value or an unmapped field. value_type accepts the following values:

  • boolean
  • date
  • double, used for all floating-point numbers
  • long, used for all integers
  • ip
  • string 
GET /my-index-000001/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "my-agg-name": {
      "histogram": {
        "field": "my-field",
        "interval": 1000,
        "script": "_value / 1000",
        "value_type": "long"
      }
    }
  }
}

Aggregation caches

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For faster responses, Elasticsearch caches the results of frequently run aggregations in the shard request cache. To get cached results, use the same preference string for each search. If you don’t need search hits, set size to 0 to avoid filling the cache.

Elasticsearch routes searches with the same preference string to the same shards. If the shards' data doesn’t change between searches, the shards return cached aggregation results.

Limits for long values

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When running aggregations, Elasticsearch uses double values to hold and represent numeric data. As a result, aggregations on long numbers greater than 253 are approximate.

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