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Index Patterns

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Index Patterns

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To use Kibana, you have to tell it about the Elasticsearch indices that you want to explore by configuring one or more index patterns. You can also:

  • Create scripted fields that are computed on the fly from your data. You can browse and visualize scripted fields, but you cannot search them.
  • Set advanced options such as the number of rows to show in a table and how many of the most popular fields to show. Use caution when modifying advanced options, as it’s possible to set values that are incompatible with one another.
  • Configure Kibana for a production environment

Creating an Index Pattern to Connect to Elasticsearch

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An index pattern identifies one or more Elasticsearch indices that you want to explore with Kibana. Kibana looks for index names that match the specified pattern. An asterisk (*) in the pattern matches zero or more characters. For example, the pattern myindex-* matches all indices whose names start with myindex-, such as myindex-1 and myindex-2.

An index pattern can also simply be the name of a single index.

To create an index pattern to connect to Elasticsearch:

  1. Go to the Settings > Indices tab.

  2. Specify an index pattern that matches the name of one or more of your Elasticsearch indices. By default, Kibana guesses that you’re working with log data being fed into Elasticsearch by Logstash.

    When you switch between top-level tabs, Kibana remembers where you were. For example, if you view a particular index pattern from the Settings tab, switch to the Discover tab, and then go back to the Settings tab, Kibana displays the index pattern you last looked at. To get to the create pattern form, click the Add button in the Index Patterns list.

  3. If your index contains a timestamp field that you want to use to perform time-based comparisons, select the Index contains time-based events option and select the index field that contains the timestamp. Kibana reads the index mapping to list all of the fields that contain a timestamp.
  4. By default, Kibana restricts wildcard expansion of time-based index patterns to indices with data within the currently selected time range. Click Do not expand index pattern when search to disable this behavior.
  5. Click Create to add the index pattern.
  6. To designate the new pattern as the default pattern to load when you view the Discover tab, click the favorite button.

When you define an index pattern, indices that match that pattern must exist in Elasticsearch. Those indices must contain data.

To use an event time in an index name, enclose the static text in the pattern and specify the date format using the tokens described in the following table.

For example, [logstash-]YYYY.MM.DD matches all indices whose names have a timestamp of the form YYYY.MM.DD appended to the prefix logstash-, such as logstash-2015.01.31 and logstash-2015-02-01.

Table 3. Date Format Tokens

M

Month - cardinal: 1 2 3 …​ 12

Mo

Month - ordinal: 1st 2nd 3rd …​ 12th

MM

Month - two digit: 01 02 03 …​ 12

MMM

Month - abbreviation: Jan Feb Mar …​ Dec

MMMM

Month - full: January February March …​ December

Q

Quarter: 1 2 3 4

D

Day of Month - cardinal: 1 2 3 …​ 31

Do

Day of Month - ordinal: 1st 2nd 3rd …​ 31st

DD

Day of Month - two digit: 01 02 03 …​ 31

DDD

Day of Year - cardinal: 1 2 3 …​ 365

DDDo

Day of Year - ordinal: 1st 2nd 3rd …​ 365th

DDDD

Day of Year - three digit: 001 002 …​ 364 365

d

Day of Week - cardinal: 0 1 3 …​ 6

do

Day of Week - ordinal: 0th 1st 2nd …​ 6th

dd

Day of Week - 2-letter abbreviation: Su Mo Tu …​ Sa

ddd

Day of Week - 3-letter abbreviation: Sun Mon Tue …​ Sat

dddd

Day of Week - full: Sunday Monday Tuesday …​ Saturday

e

Day of Week (locale): 0 1 2 …​ 6

E

Day of Week (ISO): 1 2 3 …​ 7

w

Week of Year - cardinal (locale): 1 2 3 …​ 53

wo

Week of Year - ordinal (locale): 1st 2nd 3rd …​ 53rd

ww

Week of Year - 2-digit (locale): 01 02 03 …​ 53

W

Week of Year - cardinal (ISO): 1 2 3 …​ 53

Wo

Week of Year - ordinal (ISO): 1st 2nd 3rd …​ 53rd

WW

Week of Year - two-digit (ISO): 01 02 03 …​ 53

YY

Year - two digit: 70 71 72 …​ 30

YYYY

Year - four digit: 1970 1971 1972 …​ 2030

gg

Week Year - two digit (locale): 70 71 72 …​ 30

gggg

Week Year - four digit (locale): 1970 1971 1972 …​ 2030

GG

Week Year - two digit (ISO): 70 71 72 …​ 30

GGGG

Week Year - four digit (ISO): 1970 1971 1972 …​ 2030

A

AM/PM: AM PM

a

am/pm: am pm

H

Hour: 0 1 2 …​ 23

HH

Hour - two digit: 00 01 02 …​ 23

h

Hour - 12-hour clock: 1 2 3 …​ 12

hh

Hour - 12-hour clock, 2 digit: 01 02 03 …​ 12

m

Minute: 0 1 2 …​ 59

mm

Minute - two-digit: 00 01 02 …​ 59

s

Second: 0 1 2 …​ 59

ss

Second - two-digit: 00 01 02 …​ 59

S

Fractional Second - 10ths: 0 1 2 …​ 9

SS

Fractional Second - 100ths: 0 1 …​ 98 99

SSS

Fractional Seconds - 1000ths: 0 1 …​ 998 999

Z

Timezone - zero UTC offset (hh:mm format): -07:00 -06:00 -05:00 .. +07:00

ZZ

Timezone - zero UTC offset (hhmm format): -0700 -0600 -0500 …​ +0700

X

Unix Timestamp: 1360013296

x

Unix Millisecond Timestamp: 1360013296123

Setting the Default Index Pattern

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The default index pattern is loaded automatically when you view the Discover tab. Kibana displays a star to the left of the name of the default pattern in the Index Patterns list on the Settings > Indices tab. The first pattern you create is automatically designated as the default pattern.

To set a different pattern as the default index pattern:

  1. Go to the Settings > Indices tab.
  2. Select the pattern you want to set as the default in the Index Patterns list.
  3. Click the pattern’s Favorite button.

You can also manually set the default index pattern in Advanced > Settings.

Reloading the Index Fields List

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When you add an index mapping, Kibana automatically scans the indices that match the pattern to display a list of the index fields. You can reload the index fields list to pick up any newly-added fields.

Reloading the index fields list also resets Kibana’s popularity counters for the fields. The popularity counters keep track of the fields you’ve used most often within Kibana and are used to sort fields within lists.

To reload the index fields list:

  1. Go to the Settings > Indices tab.
  2. Select an index pattern from the Index Patterns list.
  3. Click the pattern’s Reload button.

Deleting an Index Pattern

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To delete an index pattern:

  1. Go to the Settings > Indices tab.
  2. Select the pattern you want to remove in the Index Patterns list.
  3. Click the pattern’s Delete button.
  4. Confirm that you want to remove the index pattern.
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