Update By Query API

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Update By Query Request

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A UpdateByQueryRequest can be used to update documents in an index.

It requires an existing index (or a set of indices) on which the update is to be performed.

The simplest form of a UpdateByQueryRequest looks like this:

UpdateByQueryRequest request =
        new UpdateByQueryRequest("source1", "source2"); 

Creates the UpdateByQueryRequest on a set of indices.

By default version conflicts abort the UpdateByQueryRequest process but you can just count them instead with:

request.setConflicts("proceed"); 

Set proceed on version conflict

You can limit the documents by adding a query.

request.setQuery(new TermQueryBuilder("user", "kimchy")); 

Only copy documents which have field user set to kimchy

It’s also possible to limit the number of processed documents by setting maxDocs.

request.setMaxDocs(10); 

Only copy 10 documents

By default UpdateByQueryRequest uses batches of 1000. You can change the batch size with setBatchSize.

request.setBatchSize(100); 

Use batches of 100 documents

Update by query can also use the ingest feature by specifying a pipeline.

request.setPipeline("my_pipeline"); 

set pipeline to my_pipeline

UpdateByQueryRequest also supports a script that modifies the document:

request.setScript(
    new Script(
        ScriptType.INLINE, "painless",
        "if (ctx._source.user == 'kimchy') {ctx._source.likes++;}",
        Collections.emptyMap())); 

setScript to increment the likes field on all documents with user kimchy.

UpdateByQueryRequest can be parallelized using sliced-scroll with setSlices:

request.setSlices(2); 

set number of slices to use

UpdateByQueryRequest uses the scroll parameter to control how long it keeps the "search context" alive.

request.setScroll(TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(10)); 

set scroll time

If you provide routing then the routing is copied to the scroll query, limiting the process to the shards that match that routing value.

request.setRouting("=cat"); 

set routing

Optional arguments

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In addition to the options above the following arguments can optionally be also provided:

request.setTimeout(TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(2)); 

Timeout to wait for the update by query request to be performed as a TimeValue

request.setRefresh(true); 

Refresh index after calling update by query

request.setIndicesOptions(IndicesOptions.LENIENT_EXPAND_OPEN); 

Set indices options

Synchronous execution

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When executing a UpdateByQueryRequest in the following manner, the client waits for the UpdateByQueryResponse to be returned before continuing with code execution:

BulkByScrollResponse bulkResponse =
        client.updateByQuery(request, requestOptions);

Synchronous calls may throw an IOException in case of either failing to parse the REST response in the high-level REST client, the request times out or similar cases where there is no response coming back from the server.

In cases where the server returns a 4xx or 5xx error code, the high-level client tries to parse the response body error details instead and then throws a generic ElasticsearchException and adds the original ResponseException as a suppressed exception to it.

Asynchronous execution

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Executing a UpdateByQueryRequest can also be done in an asynchronous fashion so that the client can return directly. Users need to specify how the response or potential failures will be handled by passing the request and a listener to the asynchronous update-by-query method:

client.updateByQueryAsync(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT, listener); 

The UpdateByQueryRequest to execute and the ActionListener to use when the execution completes

The asynchronous method does not block and returns immediately. Once it is completed the ActionListener is called back using the onResponse method if the execution successfully completed or using the onFailure method if it failed. Failure scenarios and expected exceptions are the same as in the synchronous execution case.

A typical listener for update-by-query looks like:

listener = new ActionListener<BulkByScrollResponse>() {
    @Override
    public void onResponse(BulkByScrollResponse bulkResponse) {
        
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(Exception e) {
        
    }
};

Called when the execution is successfully completed.

Called when the whole UpdateByQueryRequest fails.

Update By Query Response

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The returned UpdateByQueryResponse contains information about the executed operations and allows to iterate over each result as follows:

TimeValue timeTaken = bulkResponse.getTook(); 
boolean timedOut = bulkResponse.isTimedOut(); 
long totalDocs = bulkResponse.getTotal(); 
long updatedDocs = bulkResponse.getUpdated(); 
long deletedDocs = bulkResponse.getDeleted(); 
long batches = bulkResponse.getBatches(); 
long noops = bulkResponse.getNoops(); 
long versionConflicts = bulkResponse.getVersionConflicts(); 
long bulkRetries = bulkResponse.getBulkRetries(); 
long searchRetries = bulkResponse.getSearchRetries(); 
TimeValue throttledMillis = bulkResponse.getStatus().getThrottled(); 
TimeValue throttledUntilMillis =
        bulkResponse.getStatus().getThrottledUntil(); 
List<ScrollableHitSource.SearchFailure> searchFailures =
        bulkResponse.getSearchFailures(); 
List<BulkItemResponse.Failure> bulkFailures =
        bulkResponse.getBulkFailures(); 

Get total time taken

Check if the request timed out

Get total number of docs processed

Number of docs that were updated

Number of docs that were deleted

Number of batches that were executed

Number of skipped docs

Number of version conflicts

Number of times request had to retry bulk index operations

Number of times request had to retry search operations

The total time this request has throttled itself not including the current throttle time if it is currently sleeping

Remaining delay of any current throttle sleep or 0 if not sleeping

Failures during search phase

Failures during bulk index operation